Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: University of Europe For Applied Sciences, International Business Management, International Business Management, Almanya
Tezin Dili: İngilizce
Öğrenci: Mesut Yaramış
Danışman: Aydın Yeşilyurt
Özet:
In this study, I will examine how the
German press handles the social, cultural, political, educational and family
lives of the Turks who have been living in Germany for three generations since
1961 and come to the fore with different examples. As a start we will examine
two different cases which both were a cover on the Der Spiegel. Firstly, Mesut
Özil who is the Turkish – German famous football player, announced that he left
the German National Football Team after the 2018 World Cup. In the interview he gave afterwards, he said,
"When we win, I am German, when we lose, I am an immigrant."
Secondly, the Federal Republic of Germany awarded the Order of Merit to Turkish
immigrants Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin, who were the first to find the vaccine
for the coronavirus that has spread all over the world.
Der Spiegel Magazine, which featured Mesut
Özil on its cover in its 31st issue on 28.07.2018, used a close-up photo of
Mesut Özil and wrote "Entfremdung" (alienation) underneath,
emphasizing the increasing alienation of Özil and Turkish refugees like him
from Germany. Der Spiegel Magazine, which gave the subheading 'Die Özil affäre
und das problem mit der integration' (Özil issue and integration problem),
brought up the Turkish immigrants living in Germany again after the events and
said that they have always had an integration problem and with these events
again it flares up.
Der Spiegel Magazine, which this time
featured Biontech company founders Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin on its cover in
its 1st issue on 02.01.2021, has the title Deutschland wird ausreichend
impfstoff bekommen (Germany will receive enough vaccines). The magazine
mentions Türeci and Şahin's Turkish origins only in one place in the 11-page
interview, saying 'German couple with Turkish roots'. In most of the interview,
it talks about Germany and the education they received there, and describes
this event, which made a worldwide impact, as if it were only a success of
Germany.
We will try to understand the Media
Portrayal of Turkish immigrants in German Press by going through these two
examples as the first.
The first subject to be examined within
the scope of this study will be the content produced about Mesut Özil, a German
football player with Turkish origin, before, during and after the 2018 World
Cup. The main reason for researching Mesut Özil in particular is the
controversy that led to Özil leaving the German National Team as a result of
the case that occurred due to the racist hate speech he was exposed to in
Germany, even though he was a German citizen and wore the German National Football
Team jersey. It is an undisputed fact that Mesut Özil is one of the most
talented football players his country, Germany, has produced in recent years.
The football player, who announced that he left the German National team in
July 2018, scored 23 goals and 33 assists in 92 matches for his country, as
well as 1 World Cup, and was selected as the football player of the year in his
country 5 times. Despite these successes, he could never fully make himself
accepted by Germany. Mesut Özil became one of the main topics of attention for
fans and the media, especially during the matches he played in Germany, where
he wore the national jersey, and was subjected to racist expressions. The main
reason for this tension between the German Media and public opinion and Mesut
Özil is that he met with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during his visit to
England and took a photo together. The political polemics between Turkey and
Germany during this period and the election process in Turkey are other reasons
for the ignition of the incident.
The second case that will be examined in
this study is the scientists Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin, who were the first to
find the coronavirus vaccine. Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin are Turkish refugees
living in Germany, just like Mesut Özil. However, the most important feature
that distinguishes Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin from the Mesut Özil incident is
that these scientists discovered a very important vaccine for humanity and the
Order of Merit that the Federal Republic of Germany gave to these scientists.
While examining the portrayal of Turkish
immigrants in the German press through the abovementioned two examples, we aim
to investigate the conveyed ideological messages, the selection of discourse
and imagery in transmitting these messages, and how readers comprehend these
cases from the examined newspaper texts. We will evaluate the news published by
Der Spiegel, one of Germany's most read newspapers, after these two events,
using Van Dijk's discourse analysis method.
Discourse analysis: It is an effort to
understand and analyze what the subtext of a text is and what the author's
intention is, rather than the visible face of a text. The point that is tried
to be analyzed is not only the intention of the author, but also to explain
what constitutes the text independently of him. For example, the language the
author uses, the images he uses, the style he describes, what differences there
are, and the field and method in which these will be revealed is discourse
analysis (Sözen, 1999).
Van Dijk is the founder of the
socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis, which belongs to the
socio-psychological aspect of critical discourse analysis and is based on the
theory of social representation. Van Dijk: It establishes the interaction
between cognition, discourse and society and focuses on the control of
discourse as means of gaining access to power. It is more concerned with
stereotyping, ethnic abuse, and resistance to dominant groups.
The media can distinguish between
different groups by assigning them different social roles. It can separate
different identities as "good and bad" and thus produce
"accepted" and "unaccepted" identity categories. In more extreme
cases, the media may shape the relationship between "us and them" as
an issue of national struggle and cause hate speech to be accepted by the
individuals that make up the society (Yumul, 2013).
In these two events, the images used by
the German press to describe the perspective of Turkish immigrants in their
newspapers and the way the public perceives Turkish immigrants as a result of
this transfer will be evaluated by using the discourse analysis method. In
addition, by using the discourse analysis method in this evaluation, it is
aimed to reveal the background and between the lines of the discourse used by
Der Spiegel, when writing about Turkish immigrants and to see what attitude the
German press displays in positive and negative events.