Examining sensitivity to tip-sample interaction forces in bi-harmonic and bimodal AFM under acoustic noise in air and liquids (Accepted)

Yılmaz Ç.

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, cilt.40, sa.7, ss.1-12, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 40 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Compendex, INSPEC
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-12
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Multi-frequency excitation schemes are applied to resonate the micro-cantilever for enhanced sensitivity to tip-sample interaction forces in AFM. This paper presents theoretical research performed to explore responses of the micro-cantilever under van der Waals forces in air and methanol / ethylacetate mixtures in the presence of dynamic acoustic forces. For particular operating conditions, the responses of the proposed dynamic model demonstrate good agreement with the AFM measurements given in the literature. More interestingly, the application of biharmonic excitations yields notable enhancements in the sensitivities of amplitude, phase shift, and frequency shift at the particular separation distances below around 11 nm in air, when compared with the bimodal operations. Furthermore, the phase shift φ1 of around 160° and the amplitude A1 of 4 nm in the presence of the acoustic emission with the SPL of 50 dB and the frequency of 4000 Hz are noted for biharmonic operations. Therefore, the effect of acoustic noise on the micro-cantilever dynamics is critical for precise quantification of tip-sample interaction forces during MF-AFM operations, especially in air.