A comprehensive overview of refrigerants from the past to the modern day: energy, exergy, and environmental perspectives

Yıldırım R., Akyüz A., Kumaş K., Tuncer A. D., GÜNGÖR A.

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10973-025-14050-w
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Index Islamicus, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Energy–exergy, Environmental impact, GWP, ODP, Refrigerants
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The future of refrigerants will be shaped by technology, legislation, and environmental concerns. Mitigating climate change and promoting sustainability need the development of refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP). Innovations in materials science, system architecture, and refrigerant chemistry will propel environmental and energy efficiency. Reaching short-, medium-, and long-term environmental goals requires teamwork and strategic planning. The industry may make a major contribution to combating against climate change by using smart technology, increasing energy efficiency, embracing low-GWP alternatives, and adhering to regulations. In order to understand terms like zeotropes and azeotropes, this research first defines refrigerants. Next, it provides a chronological overview of legal requirements and refrigerant classifications. The calm categorization is used in the third section to examine refrigerants, and the fourth section covers the environmental effects of these chemicals, outlining key ideas and environmental indicators. The properties of current refrigerants and a summary of previous research are presented in the fifth section. This review addresses key concerns, obstacles to low-GWP refrigerants, and different agreements and protocols. The goal of this study is to make a substantial contribution to the literature on refrigerants and serve as a useful guide for researchers.