Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Multidiciplinary Reviews, cilt.9, sa.12, ss.22-37, 2026 (Scopus)
Employee engagement is influenced by multiple individual and organizational factors. This study examines the relationship between flexible working arrangements (FWAs) and employee engagement (EE) across countries with different levels of development through a systematic mini-review and meta-analysis. The review followed the PRISMA framework, and data were analyzed using the PICOS model. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established and applied by the researchers, with the screening process presented in the PRISMA flow diagram. Meta-analytic computations were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 3.0 software. A total of 10 studies from 9 countries, involving 2,970 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Using a random-effects model, the effect size between FWAs and EE was 0.509, indicating a large and significant positive relationship (r = 0.469). These findings suggest that flexible working arrangements positively influence employee engagement, with important implications for organizations and policy-makers, particularly in developing countries.