Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION, cilt.112, sa.2, ss.181-192, 2005 (SCI-Expanded)
Monoterpenoids are constituents of plant essential oils. For a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of essential oils as fumigants, individual activity of eight monoterpenoids, anethole, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, menthol, gamma-terpinen, terpinen-4-ol and thymol against three major greenhouse pests in Turkey, females and eggs of the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), females of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glov. and second instar larvae of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was investigated. Four doses changing with the stage and species ranging between 0.2 and 13.6 mg/l air and exposure periods of 24, 48 and 96 11 Were used. All monoterpenoids showed Fumigant activity against all test arthropods. The time required for 99 % mortality in females of T cinnabarinus was 79 and 50 h for anethole at 1.7 and for p-cymene at 13.6 mg/l air, respectively, while in females of A. gossypii it was 50, 79, 40 and 63 It for anethole, carvacrol, p-cymene and gamma-terpinen, respectively, at 1.7 for the first two and at 13.6 mg/l air for the last two. The highest mortalities achieved with any of the monoterpenoids were 78 and 49 % in eggs of T cinnabarinus and larvae of F. occidentalis, respectively. Anethole, carvacrol and thymol were identified as the most active fumigants against all pest species on the basis of activity at a given dose and exposure period. The duration of larval and nymphal development increased and longevity reduced significantly with almost all monoterpenoids in Survivors of newly hatched larvae of T cinnabarinus fumigated for 24 h. All monoterpenoids had reproduction-inhibiting effects. Fecundity was reduced by 90 and 67 % and egg hatch was inhibited by 66 and 33 % ill survivors of deutonymphs of T cinnabarinus fumigated with anethole and carvacrol, respectively, at 1.7 mg/l air for 24 It. Anethole and p-cymene were not toxic while menthol, terpinen-4-ol and thymol were toxic at the doses used, and toxicity of carvacrol, 1,8-cineole and gamma-terpinen depended on dose against seedlings of tomato, cucumber, eggplant and pepper Fumigated for 96 h. Essential oils containing anethole, carvacrol and thymol may be recommended as toxic and/or reproduction-deterring fumigants against greenhouse pests at doses and exposure periods causing no phytotoxicity.