Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of natural clinoptilolite zeolite on proliferation and migration of fibroblast and epithelial cell lines: Implications for periodontal wound healing

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KAYAR N. A., Eren H. H., Ilkhan B., ÇOBAN A. Y.

Journal of Porous Materials, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10934-026-01925-y
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Porous Materials
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Cell movement, Cell proliferation, Characterization, Clinoptilolite, Regenerative dentistry, Zeolites
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study aimed to characterize a natural clinoptilolite-type zeolite and evaluate its effects on proliferation and migration in L929 (fibroblast) and HEK293T (epithelial) cell lines. XRD analysis confirmed the material's high purity, with clinoptilolite as the dominant phase (72.9%). XRF and ICP-MS analyses demonstrated that the Si/Al ratio (4.8–5.4) and cation exchange capacity (CEC: 2.38 meq/g) were consistent with typical clinoptilolite. SEM revealed irregular, aggregated particles (7–10 µm) with high porosity. Cell proliferation (MTT assay) and migration (Scratch Wound Assay) were assessed. The zeolite showed a significant dose- and time-dependent proliferative effect on both cell lines. Notable increases in proliferation were observed at 500 µg/mL in L929 cells at 72 h (p < 0.0001) and at 600 µg/mL in HEK293T cells (p < 0.0001). Cell migration was also enhanced, particularly at 200 µg/mL in L929 ( p < 0.01) and 100 µg/mL in HEK293T ( p < 0.001). Overall, these results indicate that this high-purity clinoptilolite zeolite possesses the potential to support the proliferation and migration of key cell types involved in wound healing and thus holds great promise as a bioactive material for biomedical applications.