RADIOGENOMICS AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE ON RADIOTHERAPY

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ONCOLOGY AND CANCER TREATMENT, Berlin, Almanya, 19 - 20 Kasım 2018, ss.11

Radiogenomics and Their Potential Role on Radiotherapy

Genomic variations in patients that predicts response to radiation and it’s toxicities are called radiogenomics

(RG). Genomic wide association studies (GWAS) revealed the associations between genetic variations and

radiation toxicities. Finding the genetic determinants of adverse reactions to radiotherapy (RT) tought to

be provide appropriate patient selection. Since established in 2009, The Radiogenomics Consortium (RgC)

researchs for differencies in radiosensitivity and adverse effects of radiotherapy. REQUITE Project of the RgC

prospectively collects the data from 5300 lung, breast and prostate cancer patients in order to validate predictive

tests for normal tissue radiosensitivity. In April 2018, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network

marked the end of the TCGA program by publishing the Pan-Cancer Atlas. In order to inform strategies

for future therapeutic developments, comprehensive integrative molecular analyses of the complete set of tumors

in TCGA, consisting of approximately 10.000 specimens and representing 33 types of cancer. This study

represents the most comprehensive discovery of cancer genes and mutations to date.They estimated that approximately

half of the 10.000 TCGA samples studied harbor a clinically relevant mutation by predicting either

sensitivity or resistance to certain treatments or clinical trial eligibility. For meticulous contouring, planning

and tratment, RG properties of the patients must be known and also treatment must be designed according to

these special patient differencies. Once a gene-based predictive test for radiosensitivity established, than treatment

decisions regarding radiation dose escalation or de-escalation, use of novel drugs and selection of the

most appropiate treatment modality can be done. The importance of RG is to provide individualised treatment

models increasing the efficacy of the RT while diminishing it’s toxicities. Moreover, decisions for stereotactic

RT, re-irradiation and other special RT applications seems to be based on RG in the near future.