Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in Ambient Air in Turkey: Regional Sources and Controlling Factors

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Gungormus E., Sofuoglu A., Celik H., GEDİK K., Mulder M. D., Lammel G., ...Daha Fazla

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, cilt.55, sa.14, ss.9434-9443, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 55 Sayı: 14
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06272
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, ABI/INFORM, Applied Science & Technology Source, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Artic & Antarctic Regions, BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, EMBASE, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Geobase, Greenfile, MEDLINE, Pollution Abstracts, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database, DIALNET
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.9434-9443
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), active sampling, particle dispersion modeling, Turkey, POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES OCPS, HISTORICAL EMISSION INVENTORY, PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL, LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT, POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE, FLAME RETARDANTS, PCB CONGENERS
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

As a result of its unique location, Turkey receives air masses from Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Africa, making it an important place in terms of long-range atmospheric transport (LRT) of contaminants. Atmospheric levels of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 45 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in two metropolitan cities, Istanbul and Izmir, on a weekly basis from May 2014 to May 2015. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivatives were dominant OCP species, followed by isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) at both sites. The annual mean concentration of Sigma DDX (sum of o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDE) was 82 pg/m(3) for Istanbul and 89 pg/m(3) for Izmir, while these levels were about 46 pg/m(3) for Sigma HCHs (sum of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-HCH) at both of the sites. At both stations, tri- and tetra-PCBs and tetra- and penta-PBDEs were dominant congeners. The temperature dependence indicates that both LRT and local contaminated areas contribute to the elevated levels. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART) showed a few potential source regions in northern Africa and Middle East, southern-southwestern and eastern Europe including Russia, as well as from local domestic metropolitan areas.