Dramaturgical Film Analysis in Soviet Cinema: ‘My First Teacher (1965)’ and ‘Little Soldier (1972)’ Boy As the Movie Examples


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Yeşilyurt A., Okyay Z.

The Journal of International Civilization Studies, cilt.9, sa.1, ss.35-51, 2024 (Hakemli Dergi)

Özet

Dünya edebiyatında önemli bir yer tutan Cengiz Aytmatov’un edebi eserlerinden sinemaya pek çok uyarlama yapılmıştır. Ulaşılabildiği kadarıyla bu uyarlamaların Rus ve Kırgız Sinemasını karşılaştıran dramaturjik çözümlemenin eksik kaldığı görülmüştür. Bu boşluktan hareket eden araştırmada Kırgız bir yazara ait iki edebi eserin a) Sovyet bir yönetmen tarafından ve b) Kırgız bir yönetmen tarafından filme alındığında ortaya nasıl bir dramaturjik yapı çıkmaktadır? c) Cengiz Aytmatov’un filme alınan iki ayrı eseri arasında dramaturjik yönden ne tür benzerlik ya da farklılık bulunmaktadır? soruları üzerinden 1) Rus yönetmen Andrey Konçalovskiy Mihailov’un sinemaya uyarladığı “İlk Öğretmenim” filmi ile 2) Kırgız yönetmen Eldar Urazbayev’in sinemaya uyarladığı “Askercik” filmi “tema, toplum, ekonomik ve sosyolojik artalan, söylem düzlemi, karşıtlıklar, öykünün anlatı düzlemi, mekân ve karakter tasarımı, bakış açısı ve olaylar örgüsü, filmin doruk noktası, reji tasarımı (oyunculuk, ses, müzik vb.)” bakımından dramaturjik yönden analiz edilmiştir. Filmler; ele alındığında dramaturjik yapıyı bünyesinde bulundurduğu görülmektedir. Sinemalaştırılan Aytmatov’un eserlerinin büyük bir çoğunluğunda olduğu gibi ilk öğretmenim ve askercik filmlerinde de “Sovyet ve Kırgız müzik tınılarına yer verilmesi, Manas Destanı, Kalpak, Komuz vb. gibi kültürel ögelere yer verilmesi, Olay örgüsünün nedensellik prensibine uygun olması, Bolşevizm ve Geleneksellik arasındaki çatışmaların bulunması” gibi dramaturjik unsurlar bolca yer almaktadır.

The literary works of Chyngyz Aitmatov, who has an important place in the world literature, were adapted to the cinema for many times. As far as it can be accessed, the observation was that the dramaturgical analysis of these adaptations comparing Russian and Kyrgyz cinemas is missing. In the present research based on this absence, the film “My First Teacher” adapted by Russian director Andrey Konçalovskiy Mihailov and “Soldier Boy” adapted by Kyrgyz director Eldar Urazbayev were analysed dramaturgically in terms of “theme, society, economic and sociological background, discourse plane, opposites, narrative plane of the story, place and character design, perspective and plot, the climax of the movie, stage design (acting, sound, music etc.)” through the questions what kind of dramaturgical structure emerged when two literary works of a Kyrgyz author were adapted to the cinema by a 1) Soviet director and 2) a Kyrgyz director and 3) what dramaturgical similarities these two separate works have. In these films, My First Teacher and Soldier Boy, dramaturgical elements occupy a wide place, just like the majority of Aitmatov’s works adapted to the cinema. And these dramaturgical elements include “Soviet and Kyrgyz music tones, Epic of Manas, cultural items like calpack and qhopuz, plots in accordance with the casuality principle, conflicts between Bolshevism and traditionalism.” The literary works of Chyngyz Aitmatov, who has an important place in the world literature, were adapted to the cinema for many times. As far as it can be accessed, the observation was that the dramaturgical analysis of these adaptations comparing Russian and Kyrgyz cinemas is missing. In the present research based on this absence, the film “My First Teacher” adapted by Russian director Andrey Konçalovskiy Mihailov and “Soldier Boy” adapted by Kyrgyz director Eldar Urazbayev were analysed dramaturgically in terms of “theme, society, economic and sociological background, discourse plane, opposites, narrative plane of the story, place and character design, perspective and plot, the climax of the movie, stage design (acting, sound, music etc.)” through the questions what kind of dramaturgical structure emerged when two literary works of a Kyrgyz author were adapted to the cinema by a 1) Soviet director and 2) a Kyrgyz director and 3) what dramaturgical similarities these two separate works have. In these films, My First Teacher and Soldier Boy, dramaturgical elements occupy a wide place, just like the majority of Aitmatov’s works adapted to the cinema. And these dramaturgical elements include “Soviet and Kyrgyz music tones, Epic of Manas, cultural items like calpack and qhopuz, plots in accordance with the casuality principle, conflicts between Bolshevism and traditionalism.”