Effects of the Omaha System- and HeartScore®-Based Impaired-Risk Perception Reduction Program on the Risk Perception of Individuals Aged 50–65 Years: A One-Group Pre-Test–Post-Test Study

Akgöz A. D., GÖZÜM S.

American Journal of Health Promotion, cilt.38, sa.6, ss.825-838, 2024 (SSCI) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 38 Sayı: 6
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1177/08901171241235733
  • Dergi Adı: American Journal of Health Promotion
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, ASSIA, Abstracts in Social Gerontology, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, EBSCO Education Source, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, PAIS International, Psycinfo, Public Affairs Index, SportDiscus, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.825-838
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: body mass index, cardiovascular diseases, physical activity, pre-test–post-test design, public health, risk assessment, risk perception
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Purpose: This study evaluates the impact of interventions in the Omaha System and HeartScore®-based program to reduce impaired-risk perception. Design: and setting: This study utilized a one-group pre-test–post-test design. Subjects: The program was conducted among participants aged over 50 years from different social settings. Intervention: The program had three parts: a briefing on HeartScore® recommendations, Omaha System interventions, and referral to a doctor. Measures: HeartScore® determined cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight, and the International PA Questionnaire evaluated physical activity (PA) levels. Self-assessment was used to perceived CVD risk, BMI, and PA. Analysis: We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the pre-test and post-test scores of the Omaha System, the problem rating scale (PRS) subscales and McNemar test to measure changes in CVD risk perception, BMI, and PA level. Results: 310 high-risk individuals out of 522 had impaired perception of their CVD risk. Only 201 responded to follow-up phone calls. Interventions based on HeartScore® and Omaha System improved CVD risk and PA perceptions (P <.001) but not BMI. The program significantly increased knowledge, status, and behavior scores (P <.001). After participating, 39% saw a cardiologist, and 57.2% saw a family physician within six months to reduce impaired risk perception. CVD risk perception increased to the actual level after the intervention, mostly in the group with low education level. Conclusions: The program using the Omaha System and HeartScore® can help middle-aged individuals better understand their risk of cardiovascular disease.