Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
2nd Eurasian Congress of Social Pediatrics, Türkiye, 26 - 29 Kasım 2020, ss.132
By being one of the most effective and safe medical interventions, vaccination saves millions of lives
each year. Knowing how we respond to vaccines and the factors that influence this response may help
us in evaluating individual differences in vaccine immunity.
The main aim of vaccination is to generate a fast and specific immune response against the vaccine preventable
pathogen. The ability of a vaccine to mount this immune response depends on many factors
such as the characteristics of the host, properties of the vaccine, and the quality of healthcare infrastructure.
The host dependent factors can be summarized as; genetic factors, age, general health condition of
the recipient, presence of either primary or acquired immunosuppressive conditions (either primary or
acquired) or other specific diseases, and obesity.
The basic properties of the vaccine that can change the immune responses are the dose and type of
the vaccine (live, killed, subunit, polysaccharide, adjuvanted, etc.), type of the adjuvant (if any), and the
administration site and route of the vaccine (e.g. oral, intradermal, percutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular,
intranasal).
Vaccines should be manufactured, stored and transferred according to international standards.
Non-standard production or storage practices, as well as improper reconstitution, administration, or
dosing of the vaccines all have the potential to reduce the immune response. Therefore it is crucial to
have a high quality health care infrastructure with proper supply chain and knowledgeable health care
providers that are able to administer the vaccines correctly.
As clinicians who serve children with special needs, we sometimes have to check the immune responses
to vaccines. While doing such controls it is important to i. leave the necessary interval between the
vaccine and specimen collection, ii. choose the right test to evaluate vaccine specific immunity, iii. have
proper laboratory facilities, and iv. have a sound knowledge on the interpretation of test results.
In conclusion factors dependent on the host, the vaccine and the health care system can all influence
vaccine immunity. It is necessary not to overlook some details while interpreting test results on individual
responses to vaccines.
References
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3. Pulendran B. Systems vaccinology: probing humanity’s diverse immune systems with vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(34):12300-12306.
4. O’Hagan DT, Fox CB. New generation adjuvants—from empiricism to rational design. Vaccine. 2015;33(suppl 2):B14-B20.
5. Hendrikx LH, Berbers GA, Veenhoven RH, et al. IgG responses after booster vaccination with different pertussis vaccines in Dutch children 4 years of
age: effect of vaccine antigen content. Vaccine. 2009;27:6530-6536.
6. Joffre OP, Segura E, Savina A, et al. Cross-presentation by dendritic cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12:557-56