Research Information System
Eleventh workshop Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere, Primorsko, Bulgaria, 3 - 07 June 2019, pp.35-39, (Full Text)
In this study, sunspot areas are divided into four empirical categories according to their
corrected areas on the solar disk in order to analyze their temporal variations and non-linear dynamics. Complexity parameter (last parameter) of the modified Zurich classification scheme for the last two solar cycles (Solar Cycle 23 and 24) is used as reference to determine the upper and lower bounds for distinct sunspot areas of each empirical group. Simplex Projection and S-Map algorithms are used to determine the embedding dimension and nonlinearity parameter of each category, respectively. Cross-Correlation (CC) and Convergence Cross Mapping (CCM) methods are also applied to determine unidirectional and bidirectional relationships of these classes. Obtained results have shown that smoothing process drastically affects the embedding dimension and nonlinearity of each category. The empirical groups are also found consistent with each other as well as total sunspot number and sunspot area. Thus, we may conclude that the proposed empirical classification can be used for further studies.